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The anaerobic gram-positive bands, Actinomycosis israelii, are normal inhabitants of the oral cavity but upper intestinal tract of humans and rarely cause disease. Actinomycosis is an infrequent chronic suppurative infection which usually manifests as fistulas and sinuses or as a mass that simulates a pseudo-neoplastic formation. The cervicofacial region is the most common site of the disease, and the abdomen is the second. Abdominal involvement is traditionally often associated with right-sided infection. Herein, two cases of abdominal actinomycosis detected by the pathologist after a surgical operation, are reported. Before the operation, both patients presented with right lower quadrant pain, a palpable mass and leukocytosis. Preoperative abdominal computerized tomography (CT) was performed, followed by surgical intervention under the impression of a periappendiceal abscess. These cases demonstrate that abdominal actinomys should be included in the differential diagnosis when CT shows an infiltrative and inflammatory intraabdominal mass with localized tenderness.
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